Los investigadores han creado nanopartículas minerales bidimensionales para brindar un tratamiento en el cuerpo para la regeneración del cartílago.
Osteoartritis Es una enfermedad degenerativa que afecta a 630 millones de personas en todo el mundo, lo que representa casi el 15 por ciento de toda la población del planeta. avión. En la osteoartritis, el cartílago de nuestro hueso comienza a romperse y esto puede dañar el hueso subyacente causando dolor y rigidez, especialmente en las articulaciones de la rodilla, la cadera y el pulgar. La incidencia de esta afección aumenta a medida que envejecemos. Los tratamientos para la osteoartritis incluyen medicamentos, fisioterapia y terapia ocupacional dirigidas principalmente a aliviar los síntomas del dolor. Para tratar esta afección por completo, es necesario reparar los tejidos articulares dañados. Esta reparación es complicada y desafiante ya que el tejido cartilaginoso del hueso es difícil de regenerar. A medida que la población mundial envejece, se necesitan de inmediato nuevos tratamientos eficaces para la osteoartritis.
Factores de crecimiento proteína
A possible treatment of osteoarthritis involves design and delivery of proteína therapeutics i.e. proteínas engineered in laboratory for therapeutic use. Proteínas therapeutics have had a major impact on many diseases in recent decades. One such class of proteínas is called growth factors which are soluble secreted proteínas. Our body is capable of self-healing and this process can be enhanced by artificial application of growth factors to improve processes involved in self-healing. However, most of the known growth factors break down rapidly and thus very high dosage is needed to achieve a therapeutic effect. Studies have shown adverse effects of high dosage like inflammation and uncontrolled tissue formation. The application of growth factors is also very limited mainly due to lack of efficient delivery systems or biomaterial carriers. Growth factors along with efficient biomaterial delivery systems are critical in regenerative medicine involving tissue repair and regeneration.
Un nuevo tratamiento para la osteoartritis basado en nanosilicatos
Researchers at Texas A&M University, USA aimed to develop a novel treatment for cartilage regeneration by designing two-dimensional (2D) mineral nanoparticles which could be used to deliver growth factors. These nanoparticles (or nanosilicates) possess two key characteristics – high surface area and dual charge – which allow easier attachment of growth factors. Nanosilicates show higher binding efficacy to growth factors without affecting the proteínas 3D conformation or its biological function. They allow longer sustained delivery (more than 30 days) of growth factors to human mesenchymal stem cells which are then used in regeneration of cartilage by inducing enhanced differentiation of stem cells towards cartilage. Enhanced differentiation confirms high activity of the released proteína and that also at 10-fold lower concentration compared to current therapies which use much higher dose.
Este estudio publicado en Materiales e interfaces aplicados ACS shows a nanoengineered system – a nanoclay-based platform in which nanosilicates can be used as a delivery vehicle to enable sustained delivery of proteína therapeutics for treating osteoarthritis. Such a biomaterial-based delivery system could ensure efficient treatment of osteoarthritis by reducing overall costs and minimizing negative side effects. This novel platform of delivery can boost current orthopaedic regeneration strategies and make an impact on regenerative medicine.
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Fuentes)
Cross LM et al 2019. Sustained and Prolonged Delivery of Proteínas Therapeutics from Two-Dimensional Nanosilicates. Materiales e interfaces aplicados ACS. 11. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b17733
