Studies of the regions of Y chromosome that are inherited together (haplogroups), reveal Europa has four population groups, namely R1b-M269, I1-M253, I2-M438 and R1a-M420, pointing to four distinct paternal origins. R1b-M269 group is the most common group that está presente en países de Gales, Irlanda, Inglaterra, Alemania, España, Países Bajos, Francia y Polonia mientras I1-M253 has its origins in Northern Europa and is predominantly found today in countries of Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Iceland, and Norway. I2-M438 has its origins in Southern and Eastern and is predominantly found today in Sicily, Celtec, Bosnia, Herzegovina and Switzerland. The R1a-M420 group has its origins in Eurasia and South West Asia around 25000 years ago. Another genetically distinct population group is of Roma people belonging to haplogroup H1a1a-M82, has its origins in the north-western region of the Indian sub-continent
Europea continent has seen a number of infightings and migrations. With the result, the continent has been described as turning into a melting pot with populations of various origins and cultures living and thriving together. In order to understand the paternal origins of the populations living in Europa hoy en día, es útil estudiar Cromosoma Y variabilidad y cómo contribuye a la distribución y desarrollo de los sexos masculinos. genéticas piscina. Los estudios sobre el polimorfismo del cromosoma Y muestran la presencia de cuatro haplogrupos principales, a saber, R1b-M269, I1-M253, I2-M438 y R1a-M420.1.
El grupo R1b-M269 es el grupo más común que se originó hace unos 4000-10000 años en la región vasca de Francia y España.2 and is present in ~110 million Europea men. It is present in countries of Wales, Ireland, England, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, France and Poland and increases in frequency on an east to west gradient, its prevalence in Poland at 22.7%, compared to Wales at 92.3%. Interestingly, this haplotype has been associated with different European colonisations, mainly in several American countries.
I1-M253 has its origins in Northern Europa around 5070 years ago and is predominantly found today in countries of Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Norway.
I2-M438 has its origins in Southern and Eastern Europa around 33000 years ago and is predominantly found today in Sicily, Celtec, Bosnia, Herzegovina and Switzerland.
R1a-M420 has its origins in Eurasia and South West Asia around 25000 years ago, and is currently found in populations extending from Scandinavia and Central Europa to southern Siberia and South Asia.
Otra Europea population group with haplogroup on Y chromosome of H1a1a-M823, que comprende entre 10 y 12 millones de personas, concentradas principalmente en la región de Europa central y oriental, como Rumania, Bulgaria, Hungría, etc. en la actualidad, tiene su origen en la región noroeste del subcontinente indio. Estas personas son conocidas como romaníes.4 a las personas.
Thus, in spite of migrations, Europea population comes across as having these genéticamente grupos distintos basados en haplotipos, que han mantenido su identidad paterna.
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Referencias:
- Navarro-López B, Granizo-Rodríguez E, Palencia-Madrid L et al. Revisión filogeográfica de haplogrupos del cromosoma Y en Europa. Int J Legal Med 135, 1675–1684 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02644-6
- Lucotte G. El principal haplogrupo del cromosoma Y R1b-M269 en Europa occidental, subdividido por los tres SNP S21 / U106, S145 / L21 y S28 / U152, muestra un patrón claro de diferenciación geográfica. Avances en antropología, 5, 22-30 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236 / aa.2015.51003.
- Rai N, Chaubey G, Tamang R, et al. La filogeografía del haplogrupo H1a1a-M82 del cromosoma Y revela el probable origen indio de las poblaciones romaníes europeas. PLoS ONE 7 (11): e48477 (2012). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0048477
- Jayaraman K S. European Romanis vino del noroeste de la India. Nature India (2012). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nindia.2012.179
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